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Functioning of the Primary Flight Feathers during Flight. A feather is made up of a central quill with a web of filamentous material called the vane extending from the two opposite sides. In the primary feathers of the racing pigeon, the trailing edge of the vane is more broad and flexible than the leading edge. Now you have the chance to experience the life of city pigeon. Pigeon simulator is very easy to use. Select the Pigeon mission you want to complete 2. Use the joystick to control the Pigeon flight 3. Use the attack button to attack people by your Pigeon 4. Enjoy the pigeon flight! Download Pigeon 3D and play. Game Bird Flight Pen Plan Shown below are the basic design for building a Bobwhite Flight Pen facility for housing 1,000 to 1,200 quail. This design is part of a series of facility plans to produce flight-conditioned Bobwhite quail for shooting preserves. Click on each diagram for an enlarged view and additional details.

Oumar Johnson ducks to enter his cramped dovecote, built atop a city apartment block, and snatches his favourite pigeon from dozens of birds fluttering and cooing around him.

'This pigeon is called Super King,' he says, holding the animal proudly aloft.

The pedigree bird is the most expensive pigeon in Senegal, which Johnson bought at auction to inject a competitive edge into the country's fledgeling pigeon-racing scene.

The 30-year-old scientist is one of a small but growing number of Senegalese men who have fallen for the charms of breeding and racing homers, some to the point of obsession.

Super King cost the equivalent of about 650 euros ($813), a hefty price in a country where the minimum wage is some 90 euros a month.

'We have a sort of addiction to this animal, the homing pigeon,' says Johnson, the president of the Senegalese federation of pigeon fanciers. 'It's another way of life.'

Long established in countries such as Belgium, France and China, pigeon racing took off in Senegal only over the past decade after ornamental bird breedersstumbled across the sport online, according to Johnson.

The West African nation now boasts some 350 enthusiasts, many of whom ignore protests from family and loved ones and devote most of their free time, and sizeable sums of money, to their pigeons.

Most, like Johnson, keep their lovingly tended birds in wooden dovecotes on rooftops in dense urban areas.

From his roof in a suburb of the capital Dakar, 40-year-old shopkeeper Moustapha Gueye releases scores of pigeons from their acrid-smelling loft. They rush into the air and are quickly out of sight.

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'They are athletes so they need to train,' he says, explaining that the pursuit demands both time and brainpower.

He not only feeds and exercises the pigeons each morning, but he also handles veterinary care and develops cross-breeds suitable for flying in hot weather.

'It's something that can't be explained,' Gueye says, smiling as he describes his feelings when his pigeons return after a long race.

- 'Like a drug' -

Senegal's racing season, featuring nation-spanning contests, began in November after the end of the rains.

In late October, dozens of mostly young men brought crates of homers to a suburban Dakar rooftop to register them for a pre-season test race -- one of several that took place that weekend.

Volunteers registered and tagged the birds in a lively atmosphere, joking and chatting until well after midnight.

Then, so-called convoyeurs drove the tagged pigeons to the city of Diourbel, about 160 kilometres (100 miles) east of Dakar, to be released early the next morning.

'It's like a drug,' says Johnson, who attended the pre-race registration, explaining the appeal of the sport.

The next day, race participant Mamadou Diallo is standing on his Dakar rooftop with several friends, scanning the crystal-blue skies for his pigeons.

The 33-year-old electrical engineer, a self-professed pigeon fanatic, is pacing back and forth in anticipation.

Suddenly a shout goes up. Pigeons on the horizon. Diallo, in excitement, skits around the rooftop blowing a whistle and rattling a plastic bottle to lure the pigeons back into their dovecote.

He carefully notes their arrival times, which the race organisers will later compare with other pigeons that raced from Diourbel.

Afterwards, a more relaxed Diallo describes pigeons as his passion but jokes that his wife chastises him for wasting his time. On top of work and family obligations, he frets about his animals' welfare.

'It's normal because.. I put them in a cage, I am responsible for them.'

- 'Greatest pigeon nation' -

Senegalese pigeon-racing enthusiasts are keen to turn others on to the sport, and some hope to ultimately turn professional.

It has already grown apace. About 15 people practised the sport in 2010, according to Diallo, compared with more than 300 today. Teenagers are also increasingly interested.

'It is my one and only dream to bring pigeon-racing to the (rooftops),' Diallo says, adding that he wants his children to get involved too. How to play game pigeon on samsung.

He worries that the time commitment and costliness of keeping pigeons could distract youngsters from their studies, however.

Johnson, the pigeon-fanciers' president, shares his concerns, noting that some people take their dedication too far.

'When you're too busy with pigeons, things risk going badly,' he says, adding that the federation is considering less time-consuming races for youngsters. Crazy eights game pigeon.

Young people are nonetheless the future of the sport, Johnson says, adding that their devotion will make Senegal 'one of the greatest pigeon-racing nations' one day.

'In Europe, you have to motivate young people to get involved,' he says. 'Here, young people are rushing into it.'

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Cher Ami (French for 'dear friend', in the masculine) was a female^[1]homing pigeon who had been donated by the pigeon fanciers of Britain for use by the U.S. Army Signal Corps in France during World War I and had been trained by American pigeoners. She is famous for delivering a message from an encircled battalion despite serious injuries during the Meuse-Argonne Offensive, October 1918.^[2]

World War I service[edit]

On October 3, 1918, Major Charles White Whittlesey and more than 550 men were trapped in a small depression on the side of the hill behind enemy lines without food or ammunition. They were also beginning to receive friendly fire from allied troops who did not know their location. Surrounded by the Germans, many were killed and wounded and only 194 men were still alive and not captured or wounded by the end of the engagement. Because his runners were consistently intercepted or killed by the Germans, Whittlesey began dispatching messages by pigeon.^[3] The pigeon carrying the first message, 'Many wounded. We cannot evacuate.' was shot down. A second bird was sent with the message, 'Men are suffering. Can support be sent?' That pigeon also was shot down. The artillery batteries supporting Whittlesey's men attempted to provide a 'barrage of protection' for Whittlesey's men on the northern slope of the Charlevaux Ravine, but believed Whittlesey was on the southern slope of the ravine, resulting in a barrage inadvertently targeting the battalion,^[4] 'Cher Ami' was dispatched with a note, written on onion paper, in a canister on her left leg,

We are along the road paralell [sic] to 276.4. Our own artillery is dropping a barrage directly on us. For heavens sake stop it.

As Cher Ami tried to fly back home, the Germans saw her rising out of the brush and opened fire.^[5] After several seconds, she was shot down but managed to take flight again. She arrived back at her loft at division headquarters 25 miles (40 km) to the rear in just 25 minutes, helping to save the lives of the 194 survivors. She had been shot through the breast, blinded in one eye, and had a leg hanging only by a tendon.

Cher Ami became the hero of the 77th Infantry Division. Army medics worked to save her life. They were unable to save her leg, so they carved a small wooden one for her. When she recovered enough to travel, the now one-legged bird was put on a boat to the United States, with General John J. Pershing seeing her off.

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Awards[edit]

The pigeon was awarded the Croix de Guerre Medal with a palm Oak Leaf Cluster for her heroic service in delivering 12 important messages in Verdun. She died at Fort Monmouth, New Jersey, on June 13, 1919 from the wounds she received in battle and was later inducted into the Racing Pigeon Hall of Fame in 1931. She also received a gold medal from the Organized Bodies of American Racing Pigeon Fanciers in recognition of her service during World War I.^[6]

The man responsible for training and caring for the pigeon in the signal corps, Enoch Clifford Swain, was given an award for his service.

In November 2019 she became one of the first winners of the Animals in War & Peace Medal of Bravery, bestowed on her posthumously at ceremony on Capitol Hill in Washington, D.C.^[7]

Remembered[edit]

To American school children of the 1920s and 1930s, Cher Ami was as well known as any human World War I heroes. Cher Ami's body was later mounted by a taxidermist, who discovered that the 'male' pigeon was actually a female,^[8] and enshrined in the Smithsonian Institution. She is on display with Sergeant Stubby in the National Museum of American History's 'Price of Freedom' exhibit.^[9]

In popular culture[edit]

Books, essays, and short stories[edit]

• Cher Ami and Major Whittlesey, a novel by Kathleen Rooney
• Cher Ami by Marion Cothren
• Cher Ami a poem by Harry Webb Farrington
• Finding the Lost Battalion - Beyond the rumors, myths and legends of America's famous WWI Epic by Robert J. Laplander
• Cher Ami a short story by Heather Rounds
• Viva Cuba Pigeon a short story by Susannah Rodríguez Drissi
• The Ruby Notebook by Laura Resau
• 'War Pigs', an essay in the collection Animals Strike Curious Poses by Elena Passarello

Film[edit]

• The Lost Battalion, a 1919 silent film, includes the living Cher Ami hopping on one leg. This film also includes many of the soldiers playing themselves, including Lt. Col. Charles Whittlesey. The entire film is available on YouTube.
• Cher Ami.. ¡y yo!, a 2008 film directed by Miquel Pujol and produced by Accio Studios. Also known as Flying Heroes or The Aviators^[10]
• Flying Home, 2015 a romantic drama, starring Jamie Dornan features the story of Cher Ami's heroic feat.

References[edit]

1. ^'Myths and Legends'. The US WWI Centennial Commission. Archived from the original on 2019-01-26. Retrieved 2019-01-25.
2. ^'Cher Ami 'Dear Friend' WWI'. Flickr. Retrieved 2008-04-26.
3. ^'The 'Stop It' Telegram'. www.lettersofnote.com. Retrieved 2010-05-26.
4. ^'Myths and Legends'. The US WWI Centennial Commission. Archived from the original on 2019-01-26. Retrieved 2019-01-25.
5. ^Jim Greelis. 'Pigeons in Military History'. World of Wings. Archived from the original on 2007-08-25. Retrieved 2007-09-13.
6. ^National Pigeon Day. 'History of Cher Ami'. Retrieved 2011-03-31.
7. ^The Washington Post, 'New animal bravery medal honors heroic dogs, pigeons and horse,' Nov. 18 2019 [1]
8. ^'Myths and Legends'. The US WWI Centennial Commission. Archived from the original on 2019-01-26. Retrieved 2019-01-25.
9. ^'Cher Ami - World War I Carrier Pigeon'. Smithsonian Institution. Retrieved 2008-11-26.
10. ^'Cher ami: The Movie'. Archived from the original on 21 June 2013. Retrieved 5 July 2013.

External links[edit]

Pigeon Flight Game Simulator

• Cher Ami on IMDb

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